Sjögren's Syndrome: Diagnosis

It is often difficult to diagnose Sjögren's syndrome. In fact, it may take years before a definite diagnosis is made. 

A specialist in autoimmune diseases (known as a rheumatologist) is usually required to establish the diagnosis.

The diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome is made based on the careful analysis of many factors. A thorough history and physical examination are essential. Also, there are certain laboratory studies that can be helpful when considering the diagnosis. It is important to note that a diagnosis cannot be made based on any specific blood test alone.

In 2016, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) jointly endorsed a new set of criteria for the classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) derived through international consensus. These criteria are based on testing of the saliva, blood and eyes.

 
The diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome applies to any person who meets the inclusion criteria (has some of these symptoms) and who has a score of four or greater when the weights/scores from the five criteria are totaled.