Treatment and Management of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease
How is undifferentiated connective tissue disease diagnosed?
It is often difficult to diagnose undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). A specialist in systemic autoimmune diseases, known as a rheumatologist, is usually required to establish the diagnosis.
The diagnosis of UCTD is based on the careful analysis of many factors. A thorough history and physical examination are essential. There are also certain laboratory studies that are helpful when considering the diagnosis. But, it is important to note that the diagnosis cannot be made based on any one specific blood test. The evaluation often includes X-rays of the chest and involved joints, CT scans of the lungs, heart testing, and evaluation for problems with the esophagus.
How is UCTD managed?
It is important to recognize that there is no cure for UCTD. Therefore, early recognition and treatment of the disease is essential. In addition, because it is a chronic disease, people often require medical therapy for many years.
Before any specific therapy can be recommended, it is essential to establish the nature and extent of any organ damage. There are many medication options for people with UCTD. Most people require anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medicines to control the inflammation and damage caused by the abnormal immune response. Some medications that can be effective in treating UCTD include prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and azathioprine. Each of these medicines has its own side effect and toxicity profile and may require periodic blood testing and clinical monitoring to ensure safety.
Many people with UCTD require treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease, (GERD or “heartburn”), rashes, Raynaud’s, eye diseases, and heart and lung problems that are all part of the underlying disease.
In addition to medical therapy for UCTD, many people require physical therapy and rehabilitation. Under the guidance of rehabilitation therapists, people with UCTD learn how to appropriately rest, exercise and strengthen the various muscle groups and joints affected by the disease.
This information has been approved by Aryeh Fischer, MD (April 2008).
