Treatment and Management of Sjögren’s Syndrome

How is Sjögren’s Syndrome diagnosed?

It is often difficult to diagnose Sjögren’s. In fact, it may take years before a definite diagnosis is made. A specialist in autoimmune diseases (known as a rheumatologist) is usually required to establish the diagnosis.

The diagnosis of Sjögren’s is made based on the careful analysis of many factors. A thorough history and physical examination are essential. Also, there are certain laboratory studies that can be helpful when considering the diagnosis. It is important to note that a diagnosis cannot be made based on any specific blood test alone.

It is often necessary to measure the amount of tear production (Schirmer’s test) and/or perform a biopsy of a minor salivary gland to confirm the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome.

How is Sjögren’s Syndrome managed?

It is important to recognize that there is no cure for Sjögren’s. In addition, because it is a chronic disease, people often require medical therapy for many years.

Goals of therapy vary for each person as treatment is guided by the organs that are affected. Artificial tears and ointments are used to keep the eyes moist. On occasion, ophthalmologic procedures are needed to maintain eye moisture. Artificial saliva tablets and some saliva-stimulants (pilocarpine/Salagen and cevimeline/Evoxac) are used for dryness of the mouth. People with Sjögren’s require frequent dental check-ups to help maintain oral hygiene.

When there is evidence of blood vessel damage, nervous system or lung involvement due to Sjögren’s, potent immunosuppression with corticosteroids (such as prednisone) and other immunosuppressants may be required. This is used to control the underlying autoimmune and inflammatory response.

This information has been developed and approved by Aryeh Fischer, MD (April 2008).