Treatment and Management of Myositis
How is myositis diagnosed?
It is often difficult to diagnose myositis. Usually a specialist in autoimmune diseases, known as a rheumatologist, is required to establish the diagnosis.
The diagnosis of myositis is based on the careful analysis of many factors. A thorough history and physical examination are essential for the diagnosis. There are also certain laboratory studies that are helpful when considering the diagnosis of myositis. It is important to note that the diagnosis cannot be made based on any specific blood test.
To help in the evaluation, it is often necessary to perform specific muscle testing. One such test is called an electromyogram (EMG). EMG involves testing of specific muscle groups. Surface electrodes measure the muscles’ responses to small needle pricks. In addition, it may be necessary to perform a biopsy of the involved muscle to confirm the diagnosis of myositis.
How is myositis managed?
Early recognition of the disease is essential. This will allow for early treatment for people with myositis. It is important to recognize that there is no cure for myositis. In addition, because it is a chronic disease, people often need medical therapy for many years.
There are many medication options for people with myositis. Most people require immunosuppressive medicines to control the inflammation and damage caused by the abnormal immune response. Medicines used in myositis include prednisone, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide and gamma globulin infusions. Each of these medicines has its own side effect and toxicity profile. They often require regular blood testing and clinical monitoring to ensure safety.
In addition to medical therapy for myositis, most people require physical therapy and rehabilitation. Under the guidance of rehabilitation therapists, patients learn how to appropriately rest, exercise and strengthen the various muscle groups affected by myositis.
This information has been approved by Aryeh Fischer, MD (April 2008).
